Curtis L. Ashendel, Ph.D.

Curriculum Vitae

Updated August 3, 2011

Personal

Current positions: Associate Professor of Medicinal Chemistry

Current address: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Mo­lecular Pharmacology, Hansen Life Sciences Research Building, Purdue University, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907-2064

Telephone: 765-494-1479 (office), 765-463-6508 (residence)

E-Mail: ashendel@purdue.edu

WWW: http://www.mcmp.purdue.edu/~ashendel

Home address: 108 Creighton Rd., West Lafayette, IN 47906-2101

Major Research Interests

• Computational and experimental genomic analysis with emphasis on prediction and verification of cis-acting elements that regulate gene transcription in mammalian genomes

• Computational/mathematical modeling of signal transduction pathways and gene regulatory networks in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation of mammalian cells

• The molecular biology and cellular biochemistry of signal transduction in the development of cancer with specific emphasis on signaling involving attachment, protein kinases, including PKC and raf, and small G proteins such as ras

• Use of new genomic technologies to improve the speed of discovery and development of anti-cancer drugs

Positions Held

8/01-2/02 Visiting Scholar, Dept. Computer Science and Engineering, Univ. of Washington

7/88-present Associate Professor of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University

5/00-9/01 Web Application and Database Developer for the School of Pharmacy

8/88-9/89 Deputy Director, Cancer Center, Purdue University

12/82-6/88 Assistant Professor of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University

10/82-12/82 Research Associate, University of Wisconsin

8/80-2/81 Graduate Teaching Assistant, University of Wisconsin

7/77-10/82 Graduate Trainee, University of Wisconsin

Post-secondary Education

• 2001-2002 University of Washington, Seattle. Computational Biology and Data Mining courses while on sabbatical leave in the Dept. Computer Science and Engineering with Prof. W. Larry Ruzzo.

• 1977-1982 University of Wisconsin-Madison, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research. Ph.D. in oncology. Ph.D. thesis: The Role of Prostaglandins in Mouse Skin Tumor Promotion and the Tumor Promoting Phorbol Ester Receptor Protein: From Its Discovery to Its Role in the Physiolo­gy of Cell Membranes. Course-work minor in environmental toxicology.

• 1973-1977 Michigan State University. B.S. magna cum laude in biochemistry. Senior honors the­sis: The Substrate Injection Method of Analysis of Enzymatic Reactions.

• 1971-1973 Schoolcraft Community College (courses taken while in high school).

Membership in Scholarly Societies

American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)

International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB)

Honors and Awards

American Cancer Society Junior Faculty Research Award 7/84-6/87

National Institutes of Health (NCI) Research Career Development Award 8/89-8/94

Lafayette Lions Club Award in Cancer Research 1993

Scientific Consulting

• NCI Small Business Incentives contract review panel (Ad hoc member, 1986).

• National Science Foundation Program in Cell Biology Review Panel (Member, 1987-91).

• Chemical Pathology NIH Study Section (Ad hoc member for project site visit in 1984, ad hoc member, 1992.)

• Eli Lilly Corporation (Consultant, 1988).

• National Research Council Panel for Evaluation of Howard Hughes Graduate Fellowship (Cell Biology panel, 1989, 1990, 1991)

• National Cancer Institute, ad hoc Technical Review Group, Contracts Review Branch (for Master Agreement Authorizations for RFPs on Chemopreventitive agents), May 31, 1990.

• National Science Foundation Research Training Group Site Visit Panel (July 1991)

• NIH, DRG, BIOL-2 study section (ad hoc 1993)

• ConvaTec, private consulting on pharmaceutical product development and toxicology (1993)

• Board of Directors, American Cancer Soc. Indiana Division, (member, 1995-)

• NIH, NCI, contract review panel (ad hoc 1994)

• NIH, NCI, RFA review panel (ad hoc 1995)

• Army Breast Cancer Research Program, Cell Biology grant review panel (1995, 1996)

• Neoprobe Corporation, private consulting on diagnostic product development (1998)

• NIH NCI MTDD RFA review panel (2000)

• NIH, NCI AP4 Planning Grant RFA review panel (2004)

• NIH NCI NCDDG review panel (2004)

• NIH CSR MABS IRG (ad hoc 2005)

• NIH, NCI AP4 Center Grant RFA review panel (2005)

• NIH CSR Member Conflicts: Computational Biology Special Emphasis Panel (2006)

• NIH, NCI Cancer Genome Characterization Centers RFP review panel (2006, 2007)

• DoD (CDMRP) Breast Cancer Research Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Panel (CET-2) (2006)

• NIH, NIDDK Diabetes Research and Training Centers review panel (2006)

• DoD (CDMRP) Breast Cancer Research Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Panel(CET-2) Concept Grant Proposals review panel (2007)

• Celedon Labs private consulting on computational genomics product development and R&D funding (2006)

• NIH, NIDDK Loan Repayment Program review panel (2007, 2008, 2009,2010,2011)

• NIH, NCI Special emphasis review panel on Tumor Cell Genome Atlas (TCGA) Data Analysis and Visualization Technology (2008)

• NIH, NCI Special emphasis panel for review of Topic 251 SBIR Drug Discovery and Development contract proposals (chair, 2008)

• DoD (CDMRP) Breast Cancer Research Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics Panel (CET-6) (2008, 2009)

• NIH, NCI The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Cancer Genome Characterization Centers review panel (2009)

• NIH, NCI ARRA – Grand Opportunities NCI Molecular Target Discovery and Development Centers Pilot Program Center Proposal Review Panel (2009)

• DoD Lung Cancer Research Cell/Molecular Biology Concept Proposal Review panel (CON-LC2 panel) (2009)

• NIH, NCI Integrated Cancer Biology Program – Centers for Cancer Systems Biology Review panel (2009)

• NIH, NCI SBIR Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) solicitation for Topic 255, Development of Anticancer Agents; Contract Review Panel (2010, 2011)

• NIH, NCI Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Core Grant Site Visit Review (2010)

• NIH, NCI Clinical Proteomic Technologies for Cancer Initiative (CPTC): Proteome Characterization Centers (PCCs) Grant Review Panel (2010)

• NIH, NCI SBIR Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) solicitation for Topic 297, “Methods and Tools for Quantitatively Measuring Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Early Detection, Prediction and Diagnosis”; Contract Review Panel (chair 2011)

Research Experience

Research done in my present position:

2008-present Automation in scientific reasoning

2005-2007 Tablet PCs in the Teaching of Science in Large Enrollment Lecture Courses in the Purdue University School of Pharmacy

2000-present Computational Genomics in cancer

2000-2005 computational modeling of the role of signaling in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation

1998-2002 The role of catenin localization in regulation of proliferation and differentiation of murine epithelial cells, initially focusing on mouse keratinocytes

1982-1999 The biochemistry and role in cellular signaling of Protein Kinase C (PKC), Raf-1 oncoprotein, and the Ras oncoprotein in mammalian cells.

1989-2002 Two separate collaborative projects investigating the use of Raf, PKC, and ras, as well of receptor and non­-receptor tyrosine protein kinases and down stream signaling kinases, such as MAP kinases and MEKs as targets for discovery of novel anti-cancer agents

Research done in previous positions:

1979-82 McArdle Laboratory, University of Wisconsin in Dr. R. K. Boutwell's lab investigating the interaction of the most potent mouse skin tumor promoter 12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA a.k.a. PMA) with specific high affinity binding sites in mouse epidermis and other mouse tissues. Spe­cific accomplishments include development of a novel and generally useful assay for binding of highly lipophilic phorbol esters and other xenobiotics, independent discovery of the receptor/binding protein for tumor promoting phorbol esters, biochemical characterization of the phorbol ester receptor/binding protein, and purification and determination of the biochemi­cal function of the receptor/binding protein as the calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C (PKC).

1977-79 McArdle Laboratory, University of Wisconsin in Dr. Boutwell's lab investigating the role prostaglandins play in promotion of mouse skin tumor by TPA. Specific accomplishments: quan­tification of prostaglandins E and F in mouse epidermis by radioimmuno-assay and independent (simultaneous) discovery of their increased levels in response to TPA and other agents.

1976-77 Dept. of Biochemistry, Michigan State University in Dr. Willace A. Wood's lab doing in­dependent honor's research. This project consisted of enzyme kinetics experiments, computer programming, and mathematical modeling. Specific accomplishments include development and validation of a novel method for kinetic analysis of enzyme catalyzed reactions involving continu­ous injection of the reaction substrate and spectrophotometric monitoring of the reaction.

1974-76 Dept. of Biochemistry, Michigan State University in the Mass Spectrometry Facility with Drs. Charles C. Sweeley and John F. Holland as a student computer programmer developing a custom low and high resolution data system for a Varian CH5 mass spectrometer on a PDP-11/45 mini-computer. In addition to systems and applications programming, this job included some digital circuit design and construction and some mass spectrometer operation.

Molecular Research Methodology Expertise

Molecular biology including DNA cloning, subcloning, two-hybrid cloning, PCR, production of recombinant viruses and proteins in bacteria, yeast, insect and mammalian cells; protein kinases; G-proteins; cellular proliferation assays; radioligand-receptor assays; ELISA; protein purification; enzymology; immunochemistry; simple organic chemical synthesis; radio-immunoassay; polyclonal and monoclonal antibody production; mass spectrometry; spectroscopy; in vivo chronic and acute pharmacology/toxicology with mice; animal cell culture; neoplastic cell transformation in vitro by chemicals, DNA transfection, and virus-mediated gene transfer; histo­pathology of tumors; gel electrophoresis of proteins and nucleic acids and blotting; many forms of liquid chromatography; enzyme kinetics; immunocytology; development of medium-throughput drug screening protocols

Computational Biology Research Expertise

Statistical models of sequences, including Markov models, and algorithms using those models; numerous clustering (unsupervised learning) algorithms, including agglomerative and model-based applied to sequence motifs; SQL manipulation of genomic relational databases.

General Computer/Information Technology Experience

• 42 years of experience, beginning with Fortran programming in 1969

• Extensive programming experience: estimated to include more than 100,000 lines of Fortran, 300,000 lines of C/C++ (and PHP), 250,000 lines of HTML, and 50,000 lines of various assembly code; representing hundreds of different projects

• Extensive experience with all phases of project management and application/system development, from project analysis through system specification, design, preparation of project proposals, coding, testing, documentation, deployment, user training, and impact assessment

• Diverse coding language experience: C/C++, Visual Basic/Basic, Fortran, Assembler, HTML, SAS, Java/JavaScript, Perl, Unix shell, DOS Batch, COBOL

• Experience on a wide variety of operating systems: All varieties of Windows, Linux, IBM S390 (JCL/Roscoe), RSX-11D, CPM

• Extensive client-server systems programming and administration experience

• Experience with systems programming and applications, including databases, scientific data analysis, and instrument data acquisition (slow and high speed) and control

• Hardware integration/development/maintenance experience with variety of mini-computer and micro-computer platforms: Intel x86, Z80/Northstar, Intel 8080, PDP-11, PDP-8

• Experience with analog (signal processing) and digital circuit design used in sensor interfaces

• Installed hardware and software for a number of LAN systems using start-topology. Some experience with network administration.

• Extensive experience with computer security including firewalls, access control lists, log analysis, and maintaining account privileges on Windows NT and Linux systems.

• Extensive system integration and troubleshooting experience: Assembled and maintained several dozen computer systems, including workstations and servers, and several LANs

• Extensive experience with relational database development, including mysql, Oracle, and SAS

• Extensive experience with web page development, including DHTML using PHP and shell/Perl cgi scripts. Also extensive experience in administration of Apache web servers running under Linux and Windows NT.

Research Funding Received as Principal Investigator or Project Leader

• 1/2006-8/2007 Provost’s Program for Technology in Teaching Innovation, Program Director, $80,000 (DC and TC).

• 8/90-8/2000 NIH U01 CA 52995, "Cancer Drugs Active Against Signal Transduction Targets." Na­tional Cooperative Natural Products Drug Discovery Groups application, Garth Powis (Univ. Ari­zona, Tucson, AZ), Program Director, $7,200,000 (TC). Project #3, C. L. Ashendel, Project Lead­er, $1,100,000 (TC).

• 8/89-8/94 NIH K04 CA 01424, Research Career Development Award, "Molecular Mechanisms of Multistage Carcinogenesis" $250,400 (DC and TC).

• 7/89-12/94 NIH U01 CA 50743 National Cooperative Drug Discovery Group, "Mechanism Based Discovery of Antitumor Agents." C.-j. Chang, Program Director. Project #2: Modulation of Pro­tein Kinase C", C.L. Ashendel, Project Leader, $196,528 (DC)

• 7/88-6/90 American Cancer Society BC-636, "Protein Kinase C and ras Oncogene Function", E.J. Taparowsky, Co-P.I., $168,000 (TC).

• 9/85-11/88 NIH P01 CA 36761, "Membrane Regulation and Expression of Cell Transformation", D.J. Morre and C.L. Ashendel co-program directors, "Tumor Promoter Action on Plasma Mem­brane Function," (Project #2), C.L. Ashendel, PI, $131,664 (DC).

• 9/85-8/88 Marshall County Cancer Society, "Maintaining a Skin Tumor-Susceptible Strain of Mice," $1,750 (DC)

• 7/84-6/87 American Cancer Society Junior Faculty Research Award #106 "The Molecular Basis of Multistage Carcinogenesis". $63,000 (DC).

• 1/84-12/90 NIH R01 CA 36262 "Interactions of Tumor Promoters with Receptors" $531,044 (DC).

• 7/82-6/85 Showalter Trust "Use of Cell Culture Systems to Study the Mechanisms of Action of Chemical Carcinogens and Tumor Promoters" $55,000 (DC).

• 4/82-3/85 NIH CA 23168 "Cancer Center Support (Core)" (Dr. D.J. Morré, Program Director), Dr. Ashendel's allocation $59,280 (DC).

• 3/83-2/84 American Cancer Society Institutional Research Grant and Indiana Elks Gift, "Effects of the Tumor Promoter 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on its Cellular Receptor Protein and Receptor-Associated Protein Kinase Activity." $7,500 (DC).

• 8/80-7/81 American Cancer Society Institutional Research Grant "Development of a Novel Assay for Directly Measuring Specific Binding of 12-0-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13- acetate to Mouse Pro­teins and Biochemical Characterization of the Binding Activity." $2,000 (DC).

Research Funding Received as Co-principal Investigator

1/87-12/87 NIH S10 RR03445, "Cell Sorter and a Flow Cytometer", D.J. Morré, PI, $283,000 (DC).

Funding Received by Students and Fellows

• 12/99 American Society for Cell Biology, awarded to Rui-Ru Ji, $350 for travel to the annual ASBC meeting in Wasington DC.

• 6/97-5/99 PRF Graduate Fellowship, awarded to Rui-Ru Ji, $11,666/yr.

• 1/96-12/96 Elks Graduate Fellowship in Cancer Research, awarded to Rui-Ru Ji, $10,000.

• 3/92 to 2/94 David Ross Fellowship, $19,800 for Elma Fernandes.

• 1/91-12/91 Elks Graduate Fellowship in Cancer Research, awarded to Elma Fernandes, $10,000.

• 5/90 NCI Minority Travel Award for C. Molina to travel to the AACR annual meeting in Washing­ton, D.C. $350.

• 9/90 to 8/91 NIH T32 CA09634 $9000 (DC) "Training in Drug and Carcinogen-DNA interactions" (W. M. Baird, Program director) for Carlos Molina.

• 1/90-12/91 David Ross Fellowship, $17320 for Crystal Weyman.

• 9/86-8/90 NIH F31 GM 11691 (NRSA,MARC Fellowship), $62,213 for Carlos Molina.

• 12/86-11/88 David Ross Fellowship, $13200 for Y.-M. Tang.

• 8/86-3/87 NIH T32 GM 07211, "Molecular Mechanism of Cell Function," (P. T. Gilham, Program director) $6200 for Crystal Weyman.

• 7/85-6/86 Carroll County Cancer Society, $500 for Martha Sutula.

Invited Lectures

1. Purdue University, Dept. Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, 10/28/82

2. The University of Wisconsin, McArdle Laboratory, 3/8/83

3. Mayo Clinic, Cell Biology Seminar Series, 3/19/86

4. NIEHS 9/10/86

5. Purdue University, Biochemistry Program, 12/2/86

6. Purdue University, Dept. Pharmacology and Toxicology, 11/10/86

7. Eli Lilly Corporation, 11/4/87

8. NIH Chemical Pathology Workshop on Signal Transduction, 2/25/89

9. Schering Corporation, 3/9/89

10. Symposium on Mechanisms of Cancer Induction and Prevention, San Francisco, 5/23/89

11. Indiana University School of Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, 12/11/89

12. Northwestern Univ., Dept. Pharmacology and Cancer Center, 1/24/90

13. University of Colorado, Boulder, School of Pharmacy, 10/18/90

14. North Carolina State University, Toxicology Training Program, 11/27/90

15. NCI Workshop on Chemoprevention, Charleston, S.C. 3/17/91

16. Indiana University, Dept. Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, 12/13/91

17. Cancer Chemotherapy Gordon Research Conference, 7/15/92

18. Symposium on the Role of Soy in Preventing and Treating Chronic Disease, Mesa, Arizona, 2/22/94

19. Indiana Univ. School of Med., Dept. of Phamacology, 5/4/94

20. Hong Kong Univ. of Science and Technology, 3/20/98

Meetings Organized

• Co-organized (with Wm. Baird) a symposium on Mechanisms of Cancer Induction and Prevention (in honor of the lifelong accomplishments of Dr. R. K. Boutwell), held in San Francisco, on May 23, 1989.

• Assisted Jeff Bennetezen (Dept. Biological Sciences, Purdue Univ.) with Conference on Genomics Research, held at Purdue University, November 11, 1995.

Patents

#5,578,636 (US) Polythiophene anti-tumor agents. Issued 11/26/96

#5,741,811 (US) Polythiophene anti-tumor agents. Issued 4/21/98

#6,894,039 (US) Selenophene anti-tumor agents. Issued 5/17/05

Abstracts and Presentations

1. Ashendel, C.L., LeBlond, D.J., and Burgess, T.A.: A computer-assisted method for deter­mining K_M using a single reaction mixture. Federation Proc. 17:1423 (1977) Abstract 849.

2. Verma, A.K., Rice, H.M., Ashendel, C.L., and Boutwell, R.K.: Induction of ornithine decar­boxylase activity in mouse epidermis by 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol- 13-acetate: Possible involvement of prostaglandins. Proc. of Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 19:232 (1978) Abstract 926.

3. Ashendel, C.L. Increased prostaglandin levels in mouse epidermis induced by phorbol esters. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 20:268 (1979) Abstract 1087.

4. Ashendel, C.L., and Boutwell R.K.: Biochemical and biological characterization of specific binding of [³H]12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate to mouse tissues. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 22:129 (1981) Abstract 513.

5. Ashendel, C.L., and Boutwell, R.K.: Solubilization and purification of the phorbol ester tumor promoter receptor from mouse brain. Federation Proc. 41:492 (1982) Abstract 1295.

6. Ashendel, C.L.: Characterization of the protein kinase activity associated with the isolated phorbol ester receptor. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 24:106 (1983) Abstract 420.

7. Ashendel, C.L.: The role of the phorbol ester receptor protein in cellular membrane fun­ction. Presented at a symposium on the Role of Cocarcinogens and Promoters in Human and Experimental Carcinogenesis held May 16-18, 1983 in Budapest, Hungary.

8. Ashendel, C.L.: Subcellular redistribution of protein kinase C and phorbol ester receptor in mouse cells treated with phorbol esters. Federation Proc. 43 (1984) Abstract 2714.

9. Ashendel, C.L., Minor, P., and Hermsen, L., Identification of two forms of phorbol ester­ binding activity differing in affinity, specificity, and calcium, and phospholipid require­ments. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., 26:144 (1985) Abstract 571.

10. Ashendel, C.L., Distinct Mechanisms for acute and chronic effects of phorbol esters on cells. Presented at a FASEB Summer Research Conference on Protein Kinases held August 4-9,1985.

11. Baudoin, P.A. and Ashendel, C.L., Down-regulation of the phorbol ester receptor in mouse lymphocytes and during promotion of C3H 10T1/2 fibroblasts. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 27:145 (1986) Abstract 575.

12. Ashendel, C.L., Hermsen, L., and Minor, P.L. Phosphorylation of the phorbol ester recep­tor/protein kinase C. J. Cell. Biochem. Supplement 10C: 191 (1986) Abstract #L274.

13. Baudoin, P.A. and Ashendel, C.L., Regulation of protein kinase C (PK-C) and its relation to multistage in vitro promotion. Presented at PUB Research Conference held March 14-16, 1986, at Turkey Run State Park.

14. Baudoin, P.A. and Ashendel, C.L. Translocation and down-regulation of protein kinase C and correlation with transformation in vitro. Presented at Tissue Culture Association Mid­western Branch spring meeting, held April 9, 1986, in Chicago.

15. Hooper, W. C., Abraham, R. T., Ashendel, C. L., and Woloschak, G. Differential expression of protein kinase C activity in the KG-1 and KG-1a myeloblastic leukemia cell lines. J. Cell. Biochem. 11A:216 (1987) Abstract D319.

16. Minor, P. L., Baudoin, P. A., and Ashendel, C. L. Separation and functional characterization of three distinct forms of protein kinase C from rat brain and other tissues. Proc. Am. As­soc. Cancer Res. 28:174 (1987) Abstract 691.

17. Reeves, J. A., Baudoin, P. A., Ashendel, P. A., and Kraft, A. Bryostatin is less potent than phorbol esters in inducing non-adherent growth of mouse epidermal cells. Proc. Am. As­soc. Cancer Res. 28:175 (1987) Abstract 695.

18. Weyman, C.M., Wolfson, M., Taparowsky, E.J., and Ashendel, C.L. The Role of Protein Ki­nase C in ras Oncogene-altered Signal Transduction and Cellular Transformation. Present­ed at a PUB research conference held March 13 to 15, 1987 at Turkey Run State Park.

19. Ashendel, C. L., Minor, P. L., Baudoin, P. A., and Molina, C. Chromatographic resolution of altered forms of protein kinase C. Fed. Proc. 46:2067 (1987) Abstract 825.

20. Baudoin, P. A. and Ashendel, C. L. Down-regulation of protein kinase C in mouse cells and tissues. Fed. Proc. 46:2067 (1987) Abstract 826.

21. Ashendel, C.L., Weyman, C.M., Wolfson, M., and Taparowsky, E.J. The role of protein ki­nase C in ras oncogene-altered signal transduction and cellular transformation. Presented at a FASEB Summer Research Conference on "Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis" held July 20 to 24, 1987, at Saxtons River, VT.

22. Weyman, C.M., Wolfson, M., Minor, P.L. and Ashendel, C.L. Selective down-regulation of a chromatographically distinct protein kinase C in C3H 10T1/2 fibroblasts transfected with a ras oncogene. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 29:81 (1988) Abstract 555.

23. Molina, C.A., Minor, P.L., and Ashendel, C.L. Phosphorylation of protein kinase C in cells: Occurrence, mechanism, and implication for signal transduction. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 29:104 (1988) Abstract 554.

24. Burg, D.L. and Ashendel, C.L. The role of protein kinase C in the primary mouse kerati­nocyte response to TPA or calcium. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 30: 43 (1989) Abstract 168.

25. Molina, C.A. and Ashendel, C.L. Different effects of phorbol ester and diacylglycerol on the phosphorylation of protein kinase C in cells. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 30: 212 (1989) Abstract 840.

26. Hirabayshi, N., Peterson-Mahrt, S., Ashendel, C., and DiGiovanni, J. Translocation and down regulation of epidermal PKC in different mouse stocks and strains. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 30: 208 (1989) Abstract 827.

27. Molina, C.A. and Ashendel, C. L. Effects of phorbol ester and diacylglycerol on the phosphorylation of protein kinase C: Implications for signal transduction. Presented at a PUB research conference held March 18, 1989.

28. Burg, D. L. and Ashendel, C. L. The role of protein kinase C in the primary mouse kerati­nocyte response to TPA or calcium. Presented at a PUB research conference held March 18, 1989.

29. Tang, Y.-M. and Ashendel, C. L. Cloning and sequencing the mouse brain protein kinase C-β cDNA. Presented at a PUB research conference held March 18, 1989.

30. Molina, C.A., Weyman, C. M., and Ashendel, C.L. Regulation of Protein Kinase C via phosphorylation. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 31: 149 (1990) Abstract 887.

31. Weyman, C. M., Davenport, E. A., Taparowsky, E. J., and Ashendel, C. L. Reduction of Pro­tein Kinase C Levels in C3H 10T½ Cells Under Conditions of Growth Factor Depletion Is Antagonized by Transfection and expression of c-myc. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 31: 157 (1990) Abstract 937.

32. Weyman, C. M., Vaidya, T. B., Taparowsky, E. J., and Ashendel, C. L. Elevated levels of Pro­tein Kinase C in C3H 10T½ derived myoblasts expressing a transfected Ha-ras oncogene. Presented at the Ninth Summer Symposium in Molecular Biology: "Molecular Pathways of Cell Growth Control", held July 25-27, 1990 in University Park, PA. Abstract (poster) #13.

33. Ashendel, C. L., Burg, D., Hatch, S., and Mills, J. Protein Kinase C Isotypes in mouse skin and keratinocytes. Presented at the Sixth International Symposium on Cellular Endocri­nology: "Receptor-mediated Stimulation of Phosphoinositide Metabolism and Protein Ki­nase C", held August 12 to 15, 1990 in Lake Placid, NY. Abstract #75.

34. Ashendel, C. L., Chan, T. C., and Chang, C-j. Inhibition of protein kinase C by diamine-dich­loro-platinum(II). Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 32: 77 (1991) Abstract #459.

35. Molina, C. M., Weyman, C. M., and Ashendel, C. L. The role of activator-dependent au­tophosphorylation of in down regulation of Protein kinase C. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 32: 153 (1991) Abstract #919.

36. Tang, Y.-M. and Ashendel, C. L. Comparison of the effects of overexpression of cDNAs en­coding protein kinase C (PKC) isotypes in murine cell lines. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 32: 280 (1991) Abstract #1662.

37. Fernandes, E. R. and Ashendel, C. L. Transfection of Krev-1 restores Protein kinase C levels lowered by expression of activated c-Ha-ras in mouse embryo fibroblasts. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 32: 308 (1991) Abstract #1834.

38. Weyman, C. M., Henley, S. A., Vaidya, T. B., and Ashendel, C. L. Inhibition or down-regula­tion of PKC decreases the efficiency of growth in soft agarose of C3H 10T½ fibroblasts transformed by stable expression of a transfected T24 c-Ha-ras oncogene. Presented at the Seventh Annual Meeting on Oncogenes, held June 24 to 29, 1991 at Hood College, Freder­ick, Maryland.

39. Ashendel, C. L. Exposure of cells to phorbol esters increases association of ras GTPase ac­tivating protein with the cell membrane and cytoskeleton. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 33: 89 (1992) Abstract #531.

40. Fernandes, E. R. and Ashendel, C. L. Regulation of rasGTPase activating protein and protein kinase C by ras expression. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 33: 88 (1992) Abstract #530.

41. Ashendel, C.L., Li, X.-h., and Chang, C.-j. Potent inhibition of protein kinase C by naphtho­quinones. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 33: 519 (1992) Abstract #3103.

42. Caamano, J, DiRado, M., Iizasa, T. Fernandes, E., Ashendel, C., Noda, M., and Klein-Szanto, A. J. P. Partial suppression of tumor growth after transfection of human lung cancer cell lines with the Krev-1 gene. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 33: 388 (1992) Abstract #2319.

43. Abou-shoer, M., Ma, G-e., Li, X-h., Koonchanokm, N.M., Geahlen, R.L., Ashendel, C.L., Mc­Laughlin, J.L., and Chang, C-j. Protein-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors from Koelreutaria henryi Presented and the 33rd Annual meeting of the American Society of Pharmacognosy, July 26-31, 1992.

44. Jayasuriya, H., Koonchanokm, N.M., Geahlen, R.L., Ashendel, C.L., McLaughlin, J.L., and Chang, C-j. Protein-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors from Polygonum cuspidatum Presented and the 33rd Annual meeting of the American Society of Pharmacognosy, July 26-31, 1992.

45. Ashendel, C. L. and Chan, T. C. K. TGFß₁ and autocrine growth regulation of BALB/MK cells. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 34: 522 (1993) Abstract #3113.

46. Fernandes, E. R. and Ashendel, C. L. Ras-dependent decrease in PKCà mRNA levels in C3H 10T½ mouse fibroblasts. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 34: 528 (1993) Abstract #3149.

47. Fernandes, E. R. and Ashendel, C. L. Krev-1 as a biochemical probe in analyzing ras-regu­lated signaling. Presented at the Ninth Annual Meeting on Oncogenes, held June 22 to 26, 1993 at Hood College, Frederick, Maryland.

48. Ashendel, C. L. The role of association of the c-raf protein with cell membrane compon­ents during activation by protein kinases. Presented at the Ninth Annual Meeting on Onco­genes, held June 22 to 26, 1993 at Hood College, Frederick, Maryland.

49. Ashendel, C. L., Chang, C.-t., and Chang, C.-j., Terthiophenes as novel inhibitors of protein kinase C, Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 35: 446 (1994) Abstract #2661.

50. Ashendel, C. L., Does ras have a role in the activation of raf by protein kinase C? Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 35: 595 (1994) Abstract #3545.

51. Ashendel, C. L. Krev-1/rap1a Interference with Ras Signaling. Presented at the Tenth An­nual Meeting on Oncogenes, held June 21 to 25, 1994 at Hood College, Frederick, Mary­land.

52. Ashendel, C. L., Cottom, J. E., Gates, K. M., and Mills, J. A., Protein-interaction cloning of cDNA for raf-binding proteins in yeast, Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 36: 512 (1995) Ab­stract # 3048

53. Ashendel, C. L., Chang, C.-t., and Chang, C.-j., Structure-activity relationship of -terthiophene series for inhibition of protein kinase C and cytotoxicity, Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 36: 437 (1995) Abstract # 2604

54. Chang, S.-C., Ashendel, C. L., and Chang, C.-j. Protein kinase C inhibitors: Oxidative con­version of flavanones to flavones. Presented at the Annual meeting of the American Chemi­cal Soc. held in San Diego, CA, April, 1995.

55. Chang, S.-C., Ashendel, C. L., and Chang, C.-j. Inhibition of protein kinase C and protein­tyrosine kinases silybins. Presented at the Annual meeting of the American Chemical Soc. held in San Diego, CA, in April, 1995.

56. Chang, C.-j., Ashendel, C. L., Chan, T. C. K. , Geahlen, R. L., McLaughlin, J. L., and Waters, D. L. Discovery of antitumor agents based on inhibition of oncogene-modulated signal transduction. American Society of Phrmacognosy, Santa Cruz, California, July 27-31, 1996.

57. Waters, D. J., Ashendel, C. L., Chan, T.C., Chang, C.-t., Geahlen, R. L., Kuczek, T, and Chang, C.-j. In vivo antitumor efficacy of a novel polythiophene against ras-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 37:396 (1996) Abstract #2705

58. Zafar, T., Weaver, C.M., Ashendel, C., Dunn, M.A. Effect of aluminum on calcium adsorp­tion and bone strength. FASEB J. 11: 3308, 1997.

59. Zhou, Q., Bender, E.M., Song, C.Q., Ashendel, C.L. and Chang, C.J. HPLC-assisted searching for potential antitumor agents from Crossosoma bigelovii. Abstracts of Papers of the Am. Chem. Soc. 216: 322-MEDI, part 2, 1998.

60. Ji, R.R. and Ashendel, C. L., Regulation of B-Raf via the cysteine-rich domain - implication of a multi-step activation scheme shared by Raf family kinases. Mol. Biol. Cell 9: 2845 (Suppl) 1998.

61. Ji, R.R. and Ashendel, C. L., Regulation of B-Raf via the cysteine-rich domain. Presented at the 1998 Annual Meeting on Oncogenes, held in La Jolla, CA June 24-27.

62. Ji, R.R. and Ashendel, C. L., Regulation of B-Raf via the cysteine-rich domain - imlication of a multi-step activation scheme shared by Raf family kinases. Presented at the 1998 Annual Meeting on Oncogenes, held in San Francisco, California, December, 1998.

63. Kesavan, K. P., Pathan, N. I., Isaacson, C. C., Ashendel, C. L., Geahlen, R. L., and Harrison, M. L. Identification and characterization of the sites of mitotic serine phosphorylation on Lck. Cold Spring Harbor meeting on Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Cell Signaling, May 12-17, 1999.

64. Ji, R.R. and Ashendel, C. L. Presented at the 1999 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Cell Biologists held in Washington, DC, December, 1999.

Book Reviews

1. Chemical Mutagens: Principles and Methods for their Detection, vol. 9, F.J. deSerres, ed., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108: 184 (1986).

Book Chapters and non-peer reviewed reviews

1. Boutwell, R.K., O'Brien, T.G., Verma, A.K., Weeks, R.G., DeYoung, L.M., Ashendel, C.L., and Astrup, E.G.: The induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity and its control in mouse skin epidermis. Adv. in Enzyme Regulation 17: 89-112 (1979).

2. Boutwell, R.K., O'Brien, T.G., Verma A.K., Weeks, R.G., DeYoung, L.M., Ashendel, C.L., and Astrup, E.G.: On the biochemical mechanisms of tumor promotion in mouse skin, pps. 287-300, Naturally Occurring Carcinogens - Mutagens and Modulators of Carcinogenesis (Miller, E.C. et al., eds.), Japan Sci. Soc. Press, Tokyo and Univ. Park Press, Baltimore (1979).

3. Boutwell, R.K., Verma, A.K., Ashendel, C.L., and Astrup, E.: Mouse skin: A useful model system for studying the mechanism of chemical carcinogenesis, pps. 1-12, Carcinogenesis, A Comprehensive Survey, Volume 7, (E. Hecker, et al., eds.), Raven Press, New York (1982).

4. Ashendel, C.L. Tumor promoting phorbol esters may affect cell membrane signal trans­mission and arachidonate metabolism by modulating calcium-activated, phospholipid-de­pendent protein kinase, pp. 101-129, In: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Cancer (K.V. Honn and L.J. Marnett, eds.), Volume 3: Prostaglandins and Tumor Promotion (T.J. Slaga and S.M. Fischer, eds), Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, Boston (1985).

5. Boutwell, R.K., Takigawa, M., Verma, A.K., and Ashendel, C.L., Observations on the mechan­isms of skin tumor promotion by phorbol esters, pp. 177,193, In: Cellular Interactions by Environmental Tumor Promoters (H. Fujiki, E. Hecker, T. Sugimura, and I. B. Weinstein, eds.) Japan Soc. Press, Tokyo (1984).

6. 6. Ashendel, C.L., Baudoin, P.A., and Minor, P.M., Protein Phosphorylation in Signal Transduction and Tumor Promotion, pp. 331-342, In: Progress in Cancer Research and Therapy, vol. 34, Tumor Promoters: Biological Approaches for Mechanistic Studies and Assay Systems (R. Langenbach, E. Elmore, and J. C. Barrett, eds.) Raven Press, New York (1988).

7. Ashendel, C.L., Protein Kinase C: A Mediator and Regulator of Signal Transduction, pp. 163-176 In: Receptor Phosphorylation (V. K. Moudgil, ed.) CRC Press, Boca Raton (1989).

8. Ashendel, C.L., Membrane Lipids and Signaling in Growth Regulation, pp. 19-42 In: Cellu­lar and Molecular Targets for Chemoprevention (Steele, V.E., Stoner, G.D., Boone, C.W., and Kelloff, G.J., eds) CRC Press, Boca Raton (1992).

9. Chang, C.-j., Ashendel, C. L., Geahlen, R. L., and McLaughlin, J. L. Discovery of natural an­titumor drugs from plants: New strategies and recent developments. pp. 17-37 in: Proc. of SINO-UK Symposium on Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natl. Science Council, Taipei, Taiwan (1991).

10. Chang, C.-j., Ashendel, C. L., Geahlen, R. L., Chan, T., and McLaughlin, J. L. Mechanism­ based discovery of natural anticancer agents. pp. 448-457 in: Adv. in New Drug Develop­ment (Kim, B. K., Lee, E. B., Kim, C.-K., and Han, Y. N., eds), Pharm. Society of Korea, Seoul, Korea (1991).

11. Chang, C.-j., Ashendel, C. L., Chan, T., Geahlen, R. L., McLaughlin, J. L., and Waters, D. L. Discovery of antitumor agents: Modulation of oncogene signal transduction. pp. 19-25 in: Proc. of the Joint Annual Meeting of the Korean Society of Applied Microbiology and the Microbiological Society of Korea (1994).

12. Powis, G., Berggren, M., Gallegos, A., Frew, T., Hill, S., Kazikowski, A., Bonjouklian, R., Zal­kow, L., Abraham, R., Ashendel, C., Schultz, R., and Merriman, R. Advances with phospho­lipid signalling as a target for anticancer drug development. Acta Biochimica Polonica 42: 395-304 (1995).

13. Chang, C.-j., Ashendel, C. L., Geahlen, R. L., Hung, M.-c., McLaughlin, J. L., and Waters, D. L. Oncogene-modulated Signal Transduction Inhibitors from Plants. pp. 170-178 in: Phyto­chemical Diversity: A Source of New Industrial Products Wrigley, S., Hayes, M., Thomas, R., and Chrystal, E., Eds. The Royal Soc. of Chem. Information Services (1997).

14. Chang, C.-j., Ashendel, C. L., Chan, T. C. K., Geahlen, R. L., McLaughlin, J. L., Waters, D. L., and Xu, W.-C. Discovery and Development of Antitumor Agents from Medicinal Plants. pp. 3-12 in Proceeding of International Symposium on Natural Products Sciences, Korean Society of Pharmacognosy, (1999).

15. Chang, C.-j., Ashendel, C. L., Chan, T. C. K., Geahlen, R. L., McLaughlin, J. L., and Waters, D. L. Oncogene-modulated Signal Transduction Inhibitors from Plants. Pure Appl. Chem. 71: 1101-1104 (1999)

Peer-reviewed research articles and reviews

1. Gates, S.C., Smisko, M.J., Ashendel, C.L., Young, N.D., Holland, J.F., and Sweeley, C.C.: Automated simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of complex organic mixtures with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-computer system. Anal. Chem. 50: 441 (1978).

2. Ashendel, C.L. and Boutwell, R.K.: Prostaglandin E and F levels in mouse epidermis are increased by tumor-promoting phorbol esters. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 90:623-627 (1979).

3. Verma, A.K., Ashendel, C.L., and Boutwell, R.K.: Inhibition by prostaglandin synthesis in­hibitors of the induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity, the accumulation of prostaglandins and tumor promotion caused by 12-0- tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Cancer Res. 40:306-315 (1980).

4. LeBlond, D.J., Ashendel, C.L., and Wood, W.A.: Determination of enzyme kinetic parame­ters by continuous addition of substrate to a single reaction mixture and analysis by a tan­gent-slope procedure. I. Analysis of the method using computed progress curves. Anal. Biochem. 104: 355-369 (1980).

5. LeBlond, D.J., Ashendel, C.L., and Wood, W.A.: Determination of enzyme kinetic parame­ters by continuous addition of substrate to a single reaction mixture and analysis by a tan­gent-slope procedure. II. Application of the method to soluble and immobilized enzymes. Anal. Biochem. 104: 370-385 (1980).

6. Ashendel, C.L., and Boutwell, R.K.: Direct measurement of specific binding of highly li­pophilic phorbol diester to mouse epidermal membranes using cold acetone. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 99: 543-549 (1981).

7. Perrella, F.W., Ashendel, C.L., and Boutwell, R.K.: Specific high affinity binding of the phorbol ester tumor promoter 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate to isolated nuclei and nuclear macromolecules in mouse epidermis. Cancer Res. 42: 3496-3501 (1982).

8. Verma, A.K., Garcia, C.T., Ashendel, C.L., and Boutwell, R.K.: Inhibition of 7- bromo­methylbenzanthracene-promoted mouse skin tumor formation by retinoic acid and dex­amethasone. Cancer Res. 43: 3045-3049 (1983).

9. Ashendel, C.L., Staller, J.M., and Boutwell, R.K.: Solubilization, purification, and reconstitu­tion of the phorbol ester receptor from the particulate protein fraction of mouse brain. Cancer Res. 43: 4327-4333 (1983).

10. Ashendel, C.L., Staller, J.M., and Boutwell, R.K.: Protein kinase activity associated with the phorbol ester receptor purified from mouse brain. Cancer Res. 43: 4333-4337 (1983).

11. Ashendel, C.L., Staller, J.M., and Boutwell, R.K.: Identification of a phospholipid- and calc­ium-dependent phorbol ester binding activity in the soluble fraction of mouse tissues. Bio­chem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 111: 340-345 (1983).

12. Ashendel, C.L. The phorbol ester receptor: A phospholipid-regulated protein kinase. Bio­chim. Biophys. Acta 822: 219-242 (1985).

13. Ashendel, C.L. and Minor P.L.: Mechanism of phorbol ester activation of phospholipids ­dependent, calcium-activated protein kinase. Carcinogenesis, 7: 517- 521 (1986).

14. Kraft, A.S., Reeves, J.A. and Ashendel, C.L., Differing modulation of protein kinase C by bryostatin 1 and phorbol esters in JB6 mouse epidermal cells. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 8437-8442 (1988).

15. Weyman, C., Taparowsky, E.J., Wolfson, M., and Ashendel, C.L. Partial down- regulation of protein kinase C in C3H 10T1/2 fibroblasts transfected with human Ha-ras, Cancer Re­search 48: 6535-6541 (1988).

16. Hooper, W.C., Abraham, R., Ashendel, C.L., and Woloschak, G. Differential expression of protein kinase C in KG1 and KG1a human myeloid leukemia cells Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1013: 47-54 (1989).

17. Hirabayashi, N., Warren, B., Wang, W.-J., Petersen-Marht, S., Beltran, L.,Davis, M.M., Ashendel, C.L., and DiGiovanni, J. Partial characterization of protein kinase C in mice sen­sitive and resistant to phorbol ester. Mol. Carcinogenesis 3: 171-180 (1990).

18. Tang, Yong-Ming and Ashendel, C. L. Isolation of Cloned Mouse Protein Kinase C Beta-II cDNA and Its Sequence. Nucleic Acids Research 18: 5310-5310 (1990).

19. Vaidya, T. B., Weyman, C. M., Teegarden, D., Ashendel, C. L., and Taparowsky, B. J., Inhibi­tion of myogenesis by the H-ras oncogene: implication for a role for protein kinase C, J. Cell Biol. 114: 809-820 (1991).

20. Molina, C. and Ashendel, C.L. The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and sn-12-diacylglycerol increase the phosphorylation of protein kinase C in cells. Cancer Res. 51: 4624-4630 (1991).

21. Caamano, J., DiRido, M., Iizasa, I., Momiki, S., Fernandes, E., Ashendel, C., Noda, M., and Klein-Szanto, A.J.P. Partial Suppression of tumorigenicity in human lung cancer cell line transfected with Krev-1. Molecular Carcinogenesis, 6: 252-259, (1992).

22. Kumaravel, G., Ashendel, C. L., and Gandour, R. D. Hemicholinium and related lipids: In­hibitors of protein kinase C. J. Medicinal Chem. 36: 177-178 (1993).

23. Nadler, M. J. S., Harrison, M. L., Ashendel, C. L., Cassady, J. M., and Geahlen, R. L. Treat­ment of T cells with 2-hydroxymyristic acid inhibits myrisolyation and alters the stability of p56^lck. Biochemistry 32: 9250-9255 (1993).

24. Jayatilake, G. S., Hayasuriya, H., Lee, E.-S., Koonchanok, N. M., Geahlen, R. L., Ashendel, C. L., McLaughlin,, J. L., and Chang, C.-j. Kinase inhibitors from Polygonum cuspidatum. J. Nat. Prod. 56: 1805-10 (1993).

25. Kumaravel, G., Nic, N., Bhaird, F. R., Ramsay, R. R., Ashendel, C. L., and Gandour, R. D. Evaluation of (2S,4s)/(2R,4R) and (2S,4R)/(2R,4S)6,6-N,N-dimethyl-2-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxa-4-hexadecyl-6-aza-2-phosphacyclooctane bromide as inhibitors of protein kinase C, carnitine octanoyltransferase and carnitine palmatoyltransferase. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chem. Letters 4: 883-886 (1994).

26. Powis, G., Bonjouklian, R., Berggren, L. M. , Gallegos, A., Abraham, R., Ashendel, C., Zal­kow, L, Matter, W. F. , Dodge, J., Grindy, G., and Vlahos, C. J. Wortmanin, a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase. Cancer Res. 54: 2419-2423 (1994).

27. Hill, S. R., Bonjouklian, R., Powis, G., R., Abraham, R., Ashendel, C., and Zalkow, L. A mul­tisample assay for inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C: Identification of naturally occurring peptide inhibitors with antiproliferative activity. Anti-Cancer Drug Design 9: 353-361 (1994).

28. Frew T, Powis G, Berggren M, Abraham RT, Ashendel CL, Zalkow LH, Hudson C, Qazia S, Gruszecka-Kowalik E, Merriman R, et al. A multiwell assay for inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and the identification of natural product inhibitors. Anticancer Res. 14:2425-8, (1994).

29. Zhang, L., Ashendel, C. L., Becker, G. W., and Morre, D. J. Isolation and characterization of the principal ATPase associated with transitional endoplasmic reticulum of rat liver. J. Cell Biol. 127: 1871-1883 (1994).

30. Frew, T., Powis, G., R., Berggren, M., Gallegos, A., Abraham, R., Ashendel, C., Zalkow, L., Hudson, C., Gruszecka-Kowalik, E., Burgess, E. M., Benedetti-Doctorovich, V., Kerrigan J. E., Lambropoulos, J., Merriman, R., and Bonjouklian, R. Novel quinone inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Anti-Cancer Drug Design 10: 347-359 (1995).

31. Ashendel, C. L. Diet, signal transduction, and carcinogenesis. J. Nutrition 125: 686S-691S (1995).

32. Fernandes, E. R. and Ashendel, C. A. ras Down-regulates Protein kinase C mRNA in C2H 10T½ Fibroblasts. Molecular Carcinogenesis 17: 23-34 (1996).

33. Chang, C-j, Ashendel, CL, Geahlen, RL, McLaughlin, JL, and Waters, DJ. Oncogene signal transduction inhibitors from medicinal plants. In vivo 10:185-190 (1996).

34. Pathan, N. I., Ashendel, C. L., Geahlen, R. L., and Harrison, M. L. Activation of T-cell Raf-1 at mitosis requires the protein tyrosine kinase Lck. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 30315-30317 (1996)

35. Furlong, M. T., Mahrenholz, A. M., Kim, K.-H. Ashendel, C. L., Harrison, M. L., and Geah­len, R. L. Identification of the major sites of autophosphorylation of the murine protein-tyrosine kinase syk. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1355: 177-190 (1997)

36. Powis, G., Gallegos, A., Abraham, R. T. , Ashendel C. L., Zalkow, L. H. , Dorr, R., Dvorakova, K., Salmon, S., Harrison, S., and Worzalla, J. Inhibition of Intracellular Ca²⁺ Signaling, Cytotoxicity, and Antitumor Activity of the Herbicide Oryzalin and Its Analogues. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacol. 41: 22-28 (1997)

37. Ramocki, M. B., Johnson, S. E., White, M. A., Ashendel, C. L., Konieczny, S. F., and Taparwsky, E. J. Signaling through MAP Kinase and Rac/Rho does not Duplicate the Effects of Activated Ras on Skeletal Myogenesis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17: 3547-3555 (1997)

38. Kim, D.H.S.L., Koonchanok, N.M., Geahlen, R.L., Ashendel C.L., and Chang C.J. Structure activity relationship study of emodin derivatives based on the protein-tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C inhibitory activities and cytotoxicity. Nat. Prod. Lett. 10: 173-180 (1997)

39. Green J.E. Greenberg, N.M., Ashendel C.L., Barrett J.C., Boone, C., Getzenberg, R.H., Hen­kin, J., Matusik, R., Janus, T.J., and Scher, H.I. Workgroup 3: Transgenic and reconstitution models of prostate cancer. Prostate 36: 59-63 (1998)

40. Li, X.H., Zhang, H.B., Ashendel, C., Fanwick, P, and Chang, C.J. Psorothamnone A: A novel heterocyclic compound from Psorothamnus junceius. Tet. Lett. 39: 3417-3420 (1998)

41. Kim, D.H.S.L., Ashendel, C.L., Zhou, Q., Chang, C.-t., Lee, E.-S., and Chang, C.-j. Novel pro­tein kinase Cinhibitors: -Terthiophene derivatives. Bioorg. Med. Lett. 8: 2695-2698, 1998.

42. Xu, W. C., Zhou, Q., Ashendel, C. L., Chang, C.-t. and Chang, C.-j. Novel Protein kinase C inhibitors: synthesis and PKC inhibition of Beta-substituted polythiophene derivatives. Bioorg. Med. Lett. 9: 2279-82, 1999.

43. Zhang H, Li X, Ashendel CL, Chang CJ. Bioactive compounds from Psorothamnus junceus. J Nat Prod. 63(9):1244-8, 2000.

44. Tarn C, Lee S, Hu Y, Ashendel C, Andrisani OM. Hepatitis B virus X protein differentially activates RAS-RAF-MAPK and JNK pathways in X-transforming versus non-transforming AML12 hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 276: 34671-80, 2001.

45. K. P. Kesavan, C. C. Isaacson, C. L. Ashendel , R. L. Geahlen, and M. L. Harrison Characterization of the in Vivo Sites of Serine Phosphorylation on Lck Identifying Serine 59 as a Site of Mitotic Phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 14666–14673, 2002.

46. Tasleem A. Zafar, Dorothy Teegarden, Curtis Ashendel, Michael Dunn, and Connie M. Weaver J. Aluminum negatively impacts calcium utilization and bone in rats. Nutrition Res. 24, 243-259, 2003.

47. Oladapo Bakare, Curtis Ashendel, Hairuo Peng, Leon H. Zalkow, and Edward M. Burgess Synthesis and MEK1 Inhibitory Activities of Imido-Substituted 2-Chloro-1,4-naphthoquinones. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 11: 3165-70, 2003.

48. Juang SH, Lung CC, Hsu PC, Hsu KS, Li YC, Hong PC, Shiah HS, Kuo CC, Huang CW, Wang YC, Huang L, Chen TS, Chen SF, Fu KC, Hsu CL, Lin MJ, Chang CJ, Ashendel CL, Chan TC, Chou KM, Chang JY. D-501036, a novel selenophene-based triheterocycle derivative, exhibits potent in vitro and in vivo antitumoral activity which involves DNA damage and ataxia telangiectasia-mutated nuclear protein kinase activation Mol Cancer Ther. 6:193-202, 2007.